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Joseph Facal
Joseph Facal (born 12 March 1961) is a politician, academic, and journalist in the Canadian province of Quebec. He was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1994 to 2003 and was a cabinet minister in the governments of Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry.
==Early life and career==
Facal was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, and moved with his family to Sherbrooke, Quebec, in 1970. His father, a surgeon with leftist political views, moved to Canada to escape Uruguay's political turmoil. Facal attended a bilingual French/Spanish school in Uruguay and was fluent in both languages before arriving in Quebec; he later became fluent in English.〔Robert McKenzie, "Facal seen as new type of politician Young Quebec minister gives PQ a fresh image," ''Toronto Star'', 2 October 1998, A6; Luann Lasalle, "PQ has new face to carry fight for separatism," ''Hamilton Spectator'', 3 October 1998, C10.〕 His sister, Carole Facal, is a noted singer-songwriter in Quebec.
Facal has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Université du Québec à Montréal (1983), a Masters of Arts degree in Political Science from the Université de Montréal (1986), and a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Sorbonne (1993). He lectured at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montréal and Concordia University before starting his career as an elected official. He joined the Parti Québécois in 1980 and was the party's youth leader in 1990–91.〔Robert McKenzie, "Facal seen as new type of politician Young Quebec minister gives PQ a fresh image," ''Toronto Star'', 2 October 1998, A6.〕
Shortly before his first election victory in 1994, Facal said that his support for Quebec sovereignty was based on economic issues. "Older sovereigntists tend to be driven more by the linguistic and cultural aspects of the debate," he said. "(sovereigntists ) are more driven by economic arguments, perhaps because nationalists of my generation have seen the slow and steady rise of French and feel less insecure. The language issue is really not what moves me."〔Anne McIlroy, "Aging separatists," ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', 8 July 1994, A7.〕
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